Biocides thiab preservatives yog cov tshuaj uas tsim los tiv thaiv cov khoom lwj thiab kev puas tsuaj los ntawm kev tua lossis inhibiting kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob. Lawv feem ntau siv lawv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob los ntawm kev tsim cov proteins, cuam tshuam nrog intracellular enzymatic kev ua ub no, lossis inducing genetic mutations. Cov tshuaj no tau muab faib ua ob pawg: hom inorganic (xws li hypochlorites thiab sulfites) thiab hom organic (xws li isothiazolinone compounds). Cov neeg sawv cev cov khoom xyaw muaj xws li 2-benzisothiazolin-3-one (BIT) thiab methylisothiazolin-3-one (MIT); nyob rau hauv pH ntau ntawm 4 txog 8, cov tebchaw no qhia tau hais tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev tshem tawm Gram-negative bacilli. Yog li ntawd, lawv tau siv dav hauv cov ntawv thov uas muaj cov ntawv sau, txheej txheej, thiab cov xim marine antifouling.
Cov chav kawm ntawm preservatives no yuav tsum broad -spectrum antimicrobial kev ua ub no thiab tshuaj stability; Tsis tas li ntawd, cov formulations yuav tsum tau tailored kom haum rau tej yam kev thov scenarios. Piv txwv li, kev txuag xim yuav tsum tau ua kom pom tseeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv *Enterobacter * thiab * Pseudomonas * hom, whereas marine hull xim yuav tsum muaj kev koom ua ke ntawm algaecides. Cov European Union Txoj Cai Biocidal Products Regulation (BPR) tau txiav txim siab tias cov tshuaj nquag raug soj ntsuam los ntawm European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) thiab suav nrog hauv cov npe ntawm cov neeg xa khoom pom zoo; Tsis tas li ntawd, cov qauv tsim khoom tiav yuav tsum tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hais txog lawv cov kev ua tau zoo thiab cov kev ntsuas kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev noj qab haus huv. Kev lag luam kev loj hlob tiam sis suav nrog kev txhim kho cov kab mob biocides, kev siv cov thev naus laus zis nanocarrier, thiab kev nthuav dav ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntse; Kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb rau cov khoom noj khoom haus tau kwv yees kom ncav cuag tus nqi ntawm US $ 4.034 billion los ntawm 2025.
