2-Benzisothiazolin-3-ib (BIT)
BIT Cov Qauv Qauv: [Duab/Daim duab]; Cov tsos mob: Dawb los yog daj ntseg daj hmoov; Molecular Luj: 151; Melting Point: 156 degree; Solubility: Soluble hauv dej kub; me ntsis soluble nyob rau hauv tej yam organic solvents. Cov khoom no nthuav tawm siab thermal stability; Qhov sib txawv thermal tsom xam qhia tau hais tias, nrog rau kev tswj cov cua sov ntawm 4℃/ min, tsuas yog qhov hnyav me ntsis pib ntawm 180 degree, nrog qhov hnyav hnyav tshwm sim tsuas yog ntawm 250 degree. Nws ruaj khov nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si acidic thiab alkaline tej yam kev mob thiab tuaj yeem siv thoob plaws pH ntau yam. BIT ua kom pom cov kab mob bactericidal siab thiab muaj kev ua haujlwm dav dav, ua pov thawj zoo tiv thaiv kab mob, pwm, poov xab, thiab algae; nws kuj muaj kev ua haujlwm siab tiv thaiv cov sulfate -txo cov kab mob. Rau cov hmoov BIT nyoos, Yam tsawg kawg nkaus Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) tiv thaiv cov kab mob feem ntau yog qis dua 20 mg / L. Cov khoom muaj ib qho kev ruaj ntseg profile; nws qhov ncauj LD50 nyob rau hauv nas ntau tshaj 1400 mg/kg, faib nws raws li ib tug tsawg- tshuaj toxicity. Nws yog biodegradable, thiab nws txoj kev nyab xeeb tau lees paub los ntawm cov koom haum tswj hwm hauv ntau lub teb chaws (xws li US FDA, US EPA, Lub teb chaws Yelemees BGA, Nyiv lub MITI, thiab lwm yam), tsim nws ua ib qho kev nyab xeeb tshaj plaws biocides thiab preservatives muaj.
BIT yog ib qho kev lag luam tshiab biocide yam ntxwv los ntawm nws qhov dav dav, kev ua haujlwm siab, tsis muaj tshuaj lom, thiab dej solubility zoo heev. Feem ntau, qhov sib ntxiv ntawm tsuas yog 0.01-0.05% yog txaus kom ua tiav cov kab mob zoo tshaj plaws thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Cov ntawv ceeb toom qhia tias ntxiv 0.05% BIT rau dej- cov xim pleev xim latex tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm microbial rau lub sijhawm 100 hnub. JN Edwards thiab cov npoj yaig tau ua qhov loj- ntsuas qhov sib piv ntawm biocides npaj rau siv rau hauv cov xim pleev xim sab hauv thiab sab nrauv. Lawv tau teeb tsa lub koom haum ntawm xya lub tuam txhab los sim thiab ntsuas 22 cov khoom lag luam uas muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob, 13 ntawm cov no tau raug soj ntsuam tshwj xeeb rau kev siv cov xim pleev xim sab hauv. Cov txiaj ntsig tau qhia tias, rau kev siv matte PVA latex xim, plaub cov tshuaj tua kab mob ua tau zoo tshwj xeeb-nrog BIT yog ib qho ntawm lawv. Txhawm rau ntsuas qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm lub sij hawm ntev (kev pheej hmoo) ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob, cov kab lis kev cai microbial raug inoculated rau hauv cov qauv ntawm ib ntus thoob plaws lub sij hawm sim (tag nrho ntawm peb inoculations); Hauv txhua qhov piv txwv, BIT tau pom tias muaj cov kab mob bactericidal muaj zog. Nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm PAA latex semi{19}}gloss xim, tsuas yog BIT-nrog rau phenylmercuric acetate (ib biocide keeb kwm muaj npe nrov rau nws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, tab sis tam sim no txwv tsis pub vim nws cov tshuaj toxicity siab)- qhia tau tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo; qhov seem 12 tus neeg kuaj sim ua tau zoo tsawg dua.
Txij li thaum BIT tseem nyob ruaj khov ntawm qhov kub qis dua 180℃- qhov pib muaj siab dua li qhov kub ntawm cov xim raug tsim tawm - nws tuaj yeem raug qhia thaum pib ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim cov xim, yog li ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm microbial. BIT thiab nws cov formulations muaj kev ruaj ntseg zoo heev, obviating qhov xav tau rau ntxiv stabilizers. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv tsis muaj cov hlau hnyav, chlorine, formaldehyde (thiab formaldehyde- tso cov neeg ua haujlwm), thiab cov ntsev inorganic; lawv nyob ruaj khov thoob plaws pH ntau yam thiab muab kev tiv thaiv ntev ntev rau cov khoom siv uas tau khaws cia. Yog li ntawd, BIT tsis tsuas yog tiv thaiv qhov lwj thiab tsis zoo ntawm cov xim nws tus kheej, tab sis kuj tseem ua rau cov xim kho kom zoo nkauj nrog lub peev xwm tiv thaiv kab mob fungal.
Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (MIT) thiab 5-Chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (CIT)
Cov qauv qauv rau MIT thiab CIT: [Image/Formula]. Nyob rau hauv lawv daim ntawv ntshiab, cov tebchaw no yog cov khoom dawb soluble hauv dej, qis cawv, ethylene glycol, thiab polar organic solvents. MIT muaj qhov melting point ntawm 48-50 degree, thaum CIT muaj qhov melting point ntawm 54-55 degree. Cov no yog cov nquag biocides; Rau ntau cov kab mob, lawv qhov tsawg kawg nkaus Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) poob qis dua 10 mg / L. Lawv ua kom muaj zog biocidal thiab inhibitory cuam tshuam rau cov kab mob, pwm, poov xab, thiab algae, ua kom pom kev ua tau zoo txawm tias tsis tshua muaj siab. Kev ruaj ntseg profile ntawm cov khoom no yog qhov zoo, nrog rau qhov ncauj LD50 nyob rau hauv albino nas ntawm Greater los yog sib npaug rau 3350 mg / kg (rau formulations uas muaj tsawg tshaj li los yog sib npaug rau 2% active cov khoom xyaw); nws raug cais raws li cov tshuaj lom neeg tsawg, yog biodegradable, thiab tsis muaj peev xwm teratogenic lossis mutagenic. Raws li tag nrho cov paub kev tsim khoom tsim tawm ib qho kev sib xyaw ntawm MIT thiab CIT- nrog rau qhov sib piv ntawm ob qhov sib txawv nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 4.5 txog 0.02- ib qho kev ua tiav tshwj xeeb muaj kev sib xyaw ntawm CIT thiab MIT hauv qhov kwv yees piv ntawm 3: 1; Txawm li cas los xij, qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov stabilizers tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv lawv cov decomposition. Tam sim no, feem ntau cov khoom lag luam siv divalent hlau ntsev ua stabilizers; Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem polymer emulsion thiab txheej txheej, muaj cov ntsev hlau tuaj yeem ua rau "kev poob siab" - tshwm sim xws li gelation lossis theem sib cais. MIT thiab CIT qhia txog kev ruaj ntseg nyob rau hauv acidic thiab oxidative ib puag ncig; conversely, nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm thawj amines, theem nrab amines, thiols, sulfides, txo cov neeg ua hauj lwm, los yog muaj zog nucleophiles, lawv cov khoom xyaw active tej zaum yuav degrade thiab poob efficiency. Yog li, nws raug pom zoo tias cov tshuaj no yuav tsum ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm pH ntawm 2 txog 9 thiab ntawm qhov kub siab tshaj 60 degree.
2-n-Octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (OIT)
OIT Cov Qauv Qauv: [Duab/Daim duab]; Nyob rau hauv nws daim ntawv ntshiab, nws yog ib tug dawb khoom nrog ib tug melting point ntawm 97-100 degree, soluble nyob rau hauv propylene glycol thiab polar organic solvents. Cov khoom no muaj kev nyab xeeb zoo heev; nws qhov ncauj LD50 nyob rau hauv albino nas yog ntau dua los yog sib npaug rau 4000 mg/kg, faib nws raws li ib tug tsawg- tshuaj toxicity. Nws yog biodegradable thiab tsis muaj cov teebmeem teratogenic lossis mutagenic. Nws ua kom pom kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob tiv thaiv ntau yam kab mob, pwm, cov poov xab, thiab algae-tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nthuav tawm muaj zog fungicidal kev tiv thaiv pwm. Nws cov pwm- inhibiting kev ua tau zoo rivals ntawm organomercury thiab organotin tebchaw; yog li ntawd, nws yog dav siv raws li qhuav - zaj duab xis fungicide nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thov txheej. Txhawm rau kom ua tiav cov pwm zoo- txwv tsis pub cov txiaj ntsig thaum siv OIT ua kom qhuav - zaj duab xis fungicide, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb los xyuas kom meej tias cov qauv ntawm pH tseem tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 9.5, kom tsis txhob siv cov talc fillers, thiab tsis txhob koom nrog sulfides (xws li Lithopone).
2-Methyl-4,5-propylene-4-isothiazolin-3-one (MTI)
MTI Cov Qauv Qauv: [Duab/Daim duab]; Melting Point: 110 degree; Nyob rau hauv nws daim ntawv ntshiab, nws yog ib tug dawb amorphous khoom. Nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias, nws yog miscible nrog acids, ethers, ketones, thiab cov khoom zoo sib xws. MTI yog ib qho muaj zog heev, dav -spectrum biocide thiab preservative uas qhia tau hais tias muaj txiaj ntsig inhibitory thiab tshem tawm cov haujlwm tawm tsam ntau yam kab mob, suav nrog * E. coli *, * Pseudomonas aeruginosa *, * Bacillus subtilis *, * Staphylococcus aureus *, thiab * Aspergillus niger *. MTI muaj qhov kub ntawm qhov decomposition ntawm 216 degree, uas yog qhov siab tshaj qhov kub ntawm kev ua haujlwm feem ntau ntsib thaum lub sij hawm tsim cov xim. Yog li ntawd, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tuaj yeem qhia tau thaum pib ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, yog li ua tiav qhov kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws hauv inhibiting microbial kev loj hlob. Nws tseem ruaj khov nyob thoob plaws pH ntau yam thiab ua kom pom kev ruaj ntseg nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ammonium ions; Muab hais tias ammonium hydroxide nquag siv los kho cov qib pH thaum lub sij hawm tsim cov xim, kev ruaj ntseg tiv thaiv ammonium ions ua ib qho kev ntsuas tseem ceeb rau cov xim preservatives. Kev lag luam formulation ntawm MTI yog cov tshuaj aqueous; nws tsis muaj cov organic solvents, inorganic hlau ntsev, chlorine, los yog formaldehyde. Nws tsis yog -corrosive rau cov ntaub ntawv uas feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv cov qauv tsim kev lag luam thiab yog sib xws nrog ob qho tib si phau ntawv thiab automated dosing systems. Muaj kev ua haujlwm siab tshwj xeeb, nws tswj tau qhov kev loj hlob ntawm ntau yam kab mob hauv dej- cov xim pleev xim, txawm tias tsawg npaum li cas. Yog li, qhov biocide no sib txuas cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob muaj zog nrog kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig tsawg, yog li ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau ntsuab thiab eco- cov khoom lag luam.
4,5 -Dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (DCOIT)
Tus qauv qauv ntawm DCOIT: [Image/Formula]. Nws yog ib qho zoo heev biocide thiab algicide, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog zoo - haum rau siv nyob rau hauv marine antifouling txheej. Cov khoom no tau ua tiav cov txheej txheem kev tshuaj xyuas nruj ntawm US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) hauv xyoo 1994, thiab tom qab ntawd tau txais "Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge Award"- nthuav tawm ua ke los ntawm Tsoomfwv Meskas thiab Asmeskas Chemistry Council- hauv xyoo 1996 thiab 1992} kev ua haujlwm, kev ua haujlwm zoo - tswj ob qho tib si mos thiab tawv marine fouling kab mob. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg tsawg thiab kev ua haujlwm siab; nrog ib nrab- lub neej tsawg dua li ib teev, nws degrades sai hauv dej hiav txwv, ua rau cov metabolic ntau heev (qhia nyob rau theem 4–5), thiab tsis bioaccumulate nyob rau hauv cov kab mob marine. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws muaj kev ua tau zoo ntev ntev: muab cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb ntawm cov nkoj hauv hiav txwv thiab cov txheej txheem txheej txheem, lub peev xwm ntawm tus neeg sawv cev los tiv thaiv kom muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo nyob rau lub sijhawm ua haujlwm yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ntsuas nws qhov zoo. Thaum kawg, nws qhia tau zoo heev compatibility nrog rau lwm yam txheej txheej. Cov ntawv ceeb toom qhia tau hais tias, ntawm ntau ntau ntawm isothiazolinone tebchaw tam sim no muaj, DCOIT sawv tawm raws li qhov tsim nyog tshaj plaws biocide thiab algicide rau daim ntawv thov hauv marine antifouling coatings.
